Proteins

• Amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins.
• The R groups in amino acid structures are key.
• All organisms have 20 common amino acids that differ only in their side group.
• A condensation reaction between two amino acids creates a peptide bond.
• Dipeptides are formed from the condensation of two amino acids.
• Polypeptides are created from the condensation of multiple amino acids.
• A functional protein can contain one or more polypeptides.
• The formation of proteins involves hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds and disulfide bridges.
• Proteins have varied functions within every living organism.
• There is a correlation between primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins and their functions.
• The biuret test is used for proteins.
• Understanding the structure of each layer of a protein is essential in relation to receptors, genetic diseases, inheritance, enzymes, haemoglobin.
• Globular and fibrous proteins should be compared, including examples.