Analysing Budgets – A Level Business Edexcel Revision

Chapter: Analysing Budgets

In financial planning, a budget is a detailed financial plan that quantifies the resources required for activities and projects.
To analyse budgets, it’s critical to understand the different types of budgets like revenue, capital, operating, and cash flow budget.
The first stage of budget analysis includes examining whether the goals outlined are clearly defined and realistic.
One must comprehend the difference between fixed and variable costs. Fixed costs are consistent and do not change with the level of output, whereas variable costs fluctuate in relation to production volume.
Revenue forecasting forms an invaluable part of budgeting. This includes projecting future sales using past data, market trends, and industry growth rates.
Looking at the balance of income versus expenditure provides a simple yet effective analysis method. If expenditure exceeds income, it results in a budget deficit. Conversely, if income exceeds expenditure, a budget surplus arises.
Profitability is another essential area where budget analysis takes place. Understanding the profit margin and how it’s derived can provide insight into a business’s financial health.
Analyse variances, which are the differences between what was budgeted and what was actually achieved. Variations can be categorised as favourable (when actual results are better than budgeted) or unfavourable.
Investigate reasons for variances to understand why they occurred and how they can be prevented, or repeated, in the future.
Budget analysis encompasses reviewing the allocation of resources. It’s crucial to determine whether resources are being used efficiently and if their distribution needs adjustments.
Zero-based budgeting is a method that analyses every departmental function and cost from the ground up, rather than basing current budgets on the previous year’s figures.
Finally, individuals should consider what the budget indicates about the business’s future performance and whether it aligns with any strategic objectives.

Remember, budget analysis is not just about evaluating a financial document. It provides an opportunity to think strategically, identify areas of strength and weakness, and steer the business in an optimal direction.