Osmosis

• Osmosis is a specialised type of diffusion that involves the movement of water molecules.
• This process occurs across a semi-permeable membrane, which allows certain substances to pass through, but prevents others.
• During osmosis, water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
• The aim of osmosis is to balance the concentration of solutes on either side of the membrane, reaching a state called equilibrium.
• In biological systems, this process helps to regulate the water content inside cells.
• If the concentration of solutes is higher inside the cell than outside (a hypertonic solution), water will move into the cell, causing it to swell and possibly burst.
• Conversely, if the concentration of solutes is higher outside the cell than inside (a hypotonic solution), water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.
• If the concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside the cell (an isotonic solution), water will move in and out of the cell at the same rate, keeping its size constant.
• Osmosis plays a vital role in many biological processes, including nutrient uptake, waste removal, and maintaining hydration levels.
• In plants, osmosis in root cells allows water to be taken up from the soil. It also contributes to the process of photosynthesis.
• During animal reproduction, osmosis ensures the right conditions for egg and sperm cells.
• Understanding osmosis can also be applied in real-world situations, such as in the preservation of food by using a high salt or sugar concentration to prevent bacterial growth.