Fate of the Digested Products of Fats, Carbohydrates and Proteins

Digestion involves the breakdown of food via mechanical and chemical processes, allowing the body to absorb and utilise the nutrients present in the food.
Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are the main macromolecules digested in this process. The digestion of these nutrients starts in the mouth and is completed in the small intestine.
The digested products of carbohydrates are mainly sugars like glucose. Enzymes such as amylases break down complex carbohydrates into glucose. This glucose is then absorbed by the small intestine and transported into the bloodstream, which takes it to the body cells. Cells use glucose as an immediate source of energy, or store it as glycogen in the liver and muscles for later use.
Proteins are broken down by various enzymes into amino acids. The enzyme pepsin in the stomach starts this process, which is then completed by enzymes like trypsin and chymotrypsin in the small intestine. The amino acids are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to cells where they’re used for growth and repair, synthesis of body proteins, enzymes and hormones.
Fats or lipids are digested by lipases into glycerol and fatty acids. The gall bladder releases bile into the small intestine which emulsifies fats, increasing the surface area for lipases to act on. These end products are absorbed and transported to body cells via the lymphatic system. Fatty acids and glycerol can be used for energy or for the synthesis of essential molecules like hormones.
Most of the water and mineral ions are absorbed in the large intestine. This absorption helps maintain body’s osmotic balance.
The undigested food material and other waste products form faeces, which are expelled from the body via the rectum and anus.
Consistent malfunctioning of the digestive process can lead to digestive disorders like diarrhoea or constipation and even chronic diseases like irritable bowel syndrome.
It’s important to maintain a balanced diet to provide all the necessary nutrients for the body and keep the digestive system healthy. Regular hydration is also crucial for optimal functioning of digestion and absorption processes.
Additionally, remember dietary fibres are non-digestible carbohydrates that aid in bowel health and movement, and thus, are an important part of the diet.

Remember, this is only a part of the digestive process, and each aspect needs a deeper understanding.