Genetic Profiling

• Genetic profiling, also known as DNA profiling, is a technique used to distinguish between individuals of the same species using only samples of their DNA.
• It involves isolating and making millions of copies of specific sequences of DNA from a sample, such as blood, skin, hair or semen.
• This technique is widely used in forensic science to help identify suspects in crimes and in paternity testing.
• Genetic profiling can also be used in medicine to predict the risk of certain inherited diseases.
• The process involves the extraction of DNA from a cell, usually through a process called polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
• This DNA is then cut into fragments using special enzymes called restriction enzymes.
• Distinct patterns are created by the different lengths of DNA fragments, which are then separated using a technique called gel electrophoresis.
• These patterns, known as DNA fingerprints, are unique to each individual (with the exception of identical twins).
• DNA fingerprints can then be compared to others to establish a match, which can provide conclusive evidence in cases of identity confirmation.
• There are ethical debates surrounding genetic profiling, with issues regarding consent, privacy, and the potential for misuse of information.