Variation in Individuals of the Same Species

• Variation in Individuals of the Same Species

  • Genetic variation among individuals of the same species can occur through gene mutation, random segregation of genes and crossing over and recombination during meiosis.

  • Environmental factors can also cause individual differences. These include climate, diet, and lifestyle.

  • Variation can be either continuous or discontinuous. Continuous variation, such as height or weight, is measurable and shows a range of phenotypes. Discontinuous variation, like eye colour or blood type, shows clear categories and is controlled by a small number of genes.

  • Genetic variation can give rise to new species via speciation: if two populations of one species become so different that they can no longer interbreed to produce fertile offspring, they are considered two different species.

  • Variation is important for evolution. If an individual has a beneficial variation, it might have a better chance of surviving and reproducing. This process is known as natural selection.

  • Genetic variation is the underlying force for adaptations to the environment. These adaptations can lead to a new species in the process called adaptive radiation.

  • Variation, whether genetic or environmental, can cause changes within a population or species over time. This change over time is the process known as evolution.

  • Sexual reproduction also plays a significant role in causing variation because it combines genetic material from two parents, ensuring offspring are genetically different from both parents and each other.

  • Modern technology, like genetic engineering and selective breeding, allows for intentional creation and enhancement of variation to produce desired traits.