How has the law developed over time, and how does the law protect the citizen and deal with criminals?

The system of law has evolved over many centuries and has developed to meet changes in society, culture, and technology.
Understand that principles and rights we take for granted today, such as the right to a fair trial, freedom of speech, and equality before the law, have been hard-won through history.
Recognize that laws have been influenced and shaped by landmark legal cases, societal attitudes, the rise of human rights movements, political will, and global influences.

Acknowledge the basis of the English legal system in common law, where decisions made by judges in courts establish legal principles, known as precedents.
Understand that precedents help ensure stability and consistency in the law, but also allow for change as societal norms evolve.
Recognise laws are also made through the legislative process, with acts of parliament or statutes being enacted.
Grasp the distinction between civil law, dealing with disputes between individuals or organisations, and criminal law, handling offences against society as a whole.

Understand that laws aim to protect the rights and liberties of the citizens.
Familiarise with core human rights recognized in the UK, such as the right to life, freedom of expression, and freedom from torture, inhumane or degrading treatment.
Understand that the Human Rights Act 1998 incorporates the rights in the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law.
Realise that citizens can use the courts to defend their rights and to challenge the actions of public bodies when they infringe upon these rights.

Note that in criminal law, it is the state that prosecutes the offender, reflecting that the crime is an offence against society.
Be aware that the law distinguishes between different levels of culpability based on the offender’s intent, recklessness, negligence, or knowledge.
Recognize the purpose of sentencing convicted criminals includes punishment, deterrence, rehabilitation, and protection of the public.
Understand the importance of the Criminal Justice System in ensuring that the law is applied fairly, and in a manner that balances the rights of the accused with the protection of society.