What are the universal human rights and how do we protect them?

Know that universal human rights are the rights every person has, simply by virtue of being human, regardless of nationality, residence, ethnicity, gender, or any other status.
Learn about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), adopted by the United Nations in 1948, being the first legal document stating universal human rights.
Recognise the 30 basic rights and freedoms set out in the UDHR, including the right to life, liberty, and security; freedom from slavery and torture; right to work, education, and freedom of thought, conscience, and religion.
Understand that these rights are based on core principles of dignity, equality and non-discrimination.

Understand that human rights provide a framework for creating fair and just societies.
Know that these rights are intended to uphold the values of respect, dignity and equal opportunities for all.
Understand that human rights also seek to address inequalities and discrimination, thereby promoting social justice.

Realise that states have the primary responsibility to respect, protect and fulfil human rights under international law.
Understand that governments are required to implement laws and policies that protect these rights and prevent their violation.
Be aware that Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and social activists also play a crucial role in the protection and advocacy of human rights.
Recognise the importance of international judicial bodies like the International Court of Justice and International Criminal Court in holding perpetrators of human rights abuses accountable.
Understand that individuals can contribute to protecting human rights by raising awareness, advocating for fair policies, and standing against discrimination and injustice.

Know that violations of human rights might constitute crimes against humanity, genocide, war crimes, and aggression.
Understand that persecution or discrimination based on race, religion, sexual orientation and other protected attributes is also considered a violation of human rights.
Be aware that slavery, forced labour, and child labour are severe breaches of human rights.
Recognise that infringements on one’s right to education, health, adequate standard of living, are also violations.
Familiarise with global instances of human rights violations and the role of international sanctions, diplomatic pressure and intervention in curbing them.