Methods used and reasons for success

Methods Used in Independence Movements

The formation and mobilisation of political parties became a common method to challenge colonial powers.
Populations often used constitutional means to voice their dissent, and gain international and internal support for their cause.
The usage of guerrilla warfare, typically involving small, unofficial armed groups.
Industrial actions like strikes and other work stoppages were frequently used as economic pressure.
A strategy that proved particularly effective was nonviolent protest, including peaceful demonstrations, civil disobedience, and efforts at negotiation.
In certain situations, independence was won through wars such as the American War of Independence or the Algerian War of Independence.

Reasons for Success

Well-educated local leaders played critical roles in energising and uniting people against colonial rule, often utilising rhetoric of freedom and justice.
The weakening of European powers after World War II created opportunities for colonies to push for their independence.
In many cases, worldwide shifts in ideology and pressure from international bodies supported the cause of independence and decolonisation.
The fortunes of the Cold War often determined success. With the USA and the USSR vying for influence, they often supported independence movements that were ideologically aligned with them.
The methods of protest and demand were diverse and layered, ensuring that if one method saw setbacks, another could take its place. This diversity of approaches helped to ensure that movements for independence carried on under almost any circumstance.