Developing an identity

Section 1: Understanding Identity Development

Identity development is a crucial aspect of adolescence and can significantly shape an individual’s behaviour and well-being.
Forming one’s identity is often seen as an ongoing process that happens throughout life, but it is particularly emphasised during adolescence.
Core components of an individual’s identity can include sense of self, gender identity, cultural identity, spirituality, and career aspirations.

Section 2: Theories of Identity Development

The concept of identity formation was first introduced by psychologist Erik Erikson. His theory proposes that adolescence is the key period for identity development.
Erikson suggested that adolescents experience an “identity crisis” where they explore different aspects of their identity before settling into who they truly are.
James Marcia, based on Erikson’s work, proposed four identity statuses: identity achievement, moratorium, foreclosure, and identity diffusion.
Jean Phinney’s Model of Ethnic Identity Development highlights stages that an individual undergoes when developing a cultural/ethnic identity.

Section 3: Factors Influencing Identity Development

Various factors can influence identity development, including an individual’s environment, experiences, family, and peers.
Cultural and societal expectations can shape aspects of identity, including gender roles, aspirations, and values.
The social and digital media can also considerably influence identity formation, particularly in current times.
Mental health conditions like depression or anxiety can also affect an individual’s identity development.

Section 4: Effects of Identity Development

Developing a consolidated identity leads to a stronger sense of self-esteem and psychological well-being.
Identity formation influences relationship building, decision making, and one’s orientation towards life goals.
An unstable or unclear identity can lead to confusion, dissatisfaction, and feelings of insecurity.
The process of identity exploration is also commonly linked with risk-taking behaviours.