Developing as a learner

Section 1: Understanding Learning

Learning is a process that involves acquiring new information or modifying existing knowledge, skills, values or preferences.
Behavioural learning theories such as operant conditioning and classical conditioning emphasise learning through associations and reinforcements.
Cognitive learning theories, such as those proposed by Piaget and Vygotsky, emphasize internal mental processes including perception, memory, and problem-solving.
Social learning theory proposed by Bandura emphasizes learning through observation and imitation of others’ behaviours.
The process of learning involves both conscious (explicit) learning, such as remembering facts for a test, and unconscious (implicit) learning, such as our ability to ride a bicycle.

Section 2: Key Concepts in Learning

Operant conditioning relies on rewards (positive reinforcements) and punishments (negative reinforcements) to shape behaviour.
Classical conditioning is learning by association, where a stimulus that initially has no effect on an individual is paired with a stimulus that generates an automatic response.
Observational learning involves learning by watching others and is the basis of learning social norms and behaviours.
Learning can also be influenced by cognitive biases, memory capacity, and the individual’s motivation or interest in what’s being learned.

Section 3: Factors Influencing Learning

Factors that can influence learning include individual’s psychological state (stress, attention, motivation), physical environment (classroom setup, noise level), and sociocultural factors (peer pressure, cultural expectations).
Individual learning style (visual, auditory, or kinesthetic) can influence the effectiveness of learning.
Educational structure and tools, such as a well-organized and interesting curriculum and effective use of technology, can foster better learning.
Knowledge retention can be improved by strategies such as distributing learning over time (spaced repetition) and testing knowledge (retrieval practice).

Section 4: The Role of Teachers in Learning

Teachers play a critical role in demonstrating concepts, providing feedback, fostering an interesting learning environment, and facilitating students’ active engagement in learning.
Inclusive education, where all learners are welcomed in general classrooms irrespective of their differences, can foster social learning and acceptance.
Formative assessments - ongoing assessments used to monitor learning and provide feedback - can enhance learning by identifying areas of strengths and weaknesses.
Teachers can foster metacognitive skills, which involves thinking about one’s own thinking and learning processes, which can enhance understanding and problem-solving abilities.