Angevin and Plantagenet England, 1154–1224

Angevin and Plantagenet England (1154-1224)

The Reign of Henry II (1154-1189)

Henry II ascended to the throne in 1154, ushering in Angevin rule in England.
Strengthened royal justice by introducing significant judicial reforms such as Circuit Courts, fostering an effective legal system.
Henry’s attempts to gain greater control over the Church resulted in the famous Becket Controversy, culminating in the murder of Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1170.
His reign was marred by familial conflicts, with his wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine, and their sons (the so-called ‘Young Kings’) continually rebelling against his rule.

Richard I (The Lionheart) and John (1189-1216)

Richard I, or Richard the Lionheart, succeeded Henry II but spent much of his reign abroad, famously leading the Third Crusade (1189-1192).
His reign was characterised by frequent absences, heavy taxation to fund his crusades, and limited involvement in English affairs.
John, or King John, succeeded Richard in 1199. His rule is often deemed unsuccessful due to various conflicts with his nobles, the Church, and ongoing wars with France.
Signed the Magna Carta in 1215, a document designed to limit the king’s power and protect baronial rights.

Angevin Governance and institutions

The ‘common law’ was developed during this period, significantly affecting the modern legal system.
Royal control expanded during this period through the appointment of royal justices and increased use of written records.
The Exchequer and Chancery became major curial departments during this period, tasked with financial and non-financial administration.

English Society During The Angevin Period

The period saw a steady growth of towns, leading to a surge in commerce.
This era also observed the emergence of guilds, fostering a sense of community among artisans and merchants.
The Knight’s fee was a standard unit of assessing wealth and military obligation in feudal society.

Note: In your revision, focus on key figures, their personalities, and their policies. Moreover, evaluate the impact of their rule on the development of England’s institutions and society.