Hypotheseis Tests

Hypothesis tests are a useful statistical tool for making population inferences from sample data.
The process starts with forming two opposing hypotheses: the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (H1 or Ha).
The null hypothesis assumes no significant effect, difference, or relationship between variables.
The alternative hypothesis claims the existence of such effect, difference or relationship.
Test statistics and calculated p-values are used to measure evidence against the null hypothesis.
If the evidence is sufficiently strong (e.g., a significance level of 0.05), the null hypothesis is rejected for the alternative.
Understanding and using hypothesis tests can improve the ability to draw valuable conclusions from statistical data.