Metal

Characteristics of Metals

• Metals are good conductors of both heat and electricity, with some metals like copper and aluminium being particularly effective.

• They are usually high in density, meaning they tend to have a significant weight even in smaller volumes.

• A major characteristic of metals is their malleability and ductility, which allows them to be reshaped or drawn into thin wires without breaking.

• In general, metals have high melting points and are particularly resistant to wear and repeated use.

Common Types of Metals and Their Uses in Design

• Aluminium: A lightweight metal, aluminium is often used in applications where weight is a concern. It’s rust-resistant and is frequently used in drink cans and aerospace applications.

• Steel: Known for its high tensile strength, steel is a popular choice for engineering, construction, and automotive designs thanks to its durability and load-bearing ability.

• Copper: With excellent conductivity, copper is commonly used in electrical wires and certain types of electronics. Its aesthetic appeal also makes it popular in jewellery and decorative designs.

• Brass: An alloy of copper and zinc, brass has a unique lustre and is resistant to corrosion, making it suitable for machine parts, screws, and decorative items.

Working with Metals

• Metals are often worked with through methods like casting, forging, and welding. They can also be coated with other materials for added resilience or aesthetic appeal.

• Metals will often need to be cut during the manufacturing process. This can commonly be done using techniques, such as sawing, shearing, or laser cutting.

• In many cases, metals will need to have their surfaces finished to improve their appearance or to add protective features. This can be achieved through methods like polishing, painting, or applying a protective coating.

Considerations for Using Metals in Design

• Corrosion: While some metals, such as aluminium and stainless steel, are resistant to corrosion, others can rust or degrade over time if not properly cared for.

• Cost: Metals, especially precious ones like gold or silver, can be expensive. This may limit their use in certain applications.

• Environmental Impacts: Mining, refining, and working with metals can have considerable environmental impact. Additionally, while metals are often recyclable, the process of recycling them can use a significant amount of energy.