Systems and Control

Mechanical Control Systems

Mechanical control systems are mediums used for transfer of energy or for bringing about modification in energy.
They may include levers, gears, pulleys, cams and/or linkages, all of which have distinct roles in a control system.
Levers are simple machines that can change the direction, distance or strength of a force.
Gears are used to transmit rotating motion from one part of a machine to another, with a possibility of altering speed or torque.
Pulleys are wheel shaped devices that can change the direction of a force, enhance force, or transport a load.
Cams convert rotary motion into reciprocating motion, many times in machinery for timing purposes.
Linkages are connected bars that are used to model and analyse motion, especially in machines.

Pneumatic control systems utilise compressed air or gas to effect control in various operations.
They function based on the principles of fluid dynamics, particularly the behavioural characteristics of gases under pressure.
Pneumatic systems often include elements such as cylinders, valves, and actuators.
They are commonly used in many industrial applications, including assembly and packaging, automation, and robotics.
They are preferred for their safety, reliability, and low maintenance costs.
Understanding the principles of air pressure, airflow, atmospheric pressure, and vacuum is key in understanding how pneumatic systems work.

Both these systems serve the purpose of control, but the methods, mediums, principles, even environments they operate in can vary drastically.
Mechanical control systems are typically best suited for situations where a high-level of force and precision is required.
Pneumatic systems, while less precise and powerful than hydraulic or electric systems, offer the advantages of simplicity, safety, and cost-effectiveness.
Pneumatic control systems also provide smooth, gradual motion that can be easily controlled, making them ideal for light to medium-duty applications.

A classic example of a control system in use would be a conveyor system.
This system combines both mechanical and pneumatic controls: gears and pulleys help move the conveyor belt, while pneumatic systems might help control the overall flow of the process.
Understanding how such a system works helps put into perspective how mechanical and pneumatic controls can be used in tandem in real life scenarios.