Understanding Maps

Maps use a scale to represent large distances in a smaller, manageable format. For instance, a map scale might denote 1 cm on the map equating to 1 km in the real world.
The scale on a map allows the calculation of real distances based on measurements taken from the map.
Direction on a map is usually indicated by a north arrow or compass rose. It’s useful for understanding where things are in relation to each other.

Features on Maps

Points on a map are often represented by dots, and you may be asked to calculate the distance between these points using the scale provided.
Lines on a map can represent routes or boundaries. Line segments and their lengths might represent the start and end of a trip or the boundary of a particular area.
Shapes often represent different regions or areas on a map. For instance, a rectangle might represent a park, while a circle could denote a lake. You may need to calculate areas or perimeters of these shapes.

Translations refer to moving an object from one place to another without changing its size, shape or orientation.
Rotations involve turning an object around a point, known as the centre of rotation.

Bearings are a way of expressing the direction of one point to another. Bearings are measured in degrees, from North in a clockwise direction, and are usually given as three digits (e.g., 045°).
It’s important to remember that when using bearings, you always start from the north line and work in a clockwise direction.

Knowledge of angle rules (like angles on a straight line add to 180°) can be used to solve problems involving shapes on a map. For example, the angles at a road junction.
Familiarity with area formulas for shapes like rectangles, triangles, and circles can help calculate the size of areas on a map, such as parks or lakes.