Atomic Structure: Uses and Risks of Radiation

Uses of Radiation

Medical Tracer - Certain radioactive isotopes can be used as tracers to diagnose medical conditions. An example is the use of iodine-131 to investigate issues with the thyroid gland.
Sterilisation - Gamma radiation is used extensively in the sterilisation of medical equipment. It helps kill bacteria and other microorganisms without the need for high temperatures.
Radiotherapy - In some cases, targeted doses of beta or gamma radiation are used to destroy cancerous cells in the body, a treatment known as radiotherapy.
Smoke detectors - Alpha radiation is used in smoke detectors. The alpha particles ionise the air, making it conductive. Smoke interrupts the ionised air, which is detected and sets off the alarm.
Nuclear Power - Nuclear fission in power stations uses uranium-235 as a fuel. The energy released through the fission process is transformed into electrical energy.

Irradiation - Being exposed to radiation can be harmful even without eating or drinking anything contaminated. This process is known as irradiation.
Contamination - Radioactive materials can get onto or into an object or a person. This is dangerous as it can lead to extended exposure to radiation, frequently at close range, as well as the likelihood of ingesting or inhaling the radioactive substance.
Hazardous to health - High levels of radiation can cause tissue damage leading to radiation sickness, cancer, and death. Even lower levels of exposure over a long time can increase the risk of cancer.
Not easily removable: Once an area has been contaminated with radioactive materials, it is often difficult and expensive to clean up.

Radiation has many beneficial uses, including in medicine, sterilisation, smoke detection and nuclear power.
However, it also comes with significant risks, including irradiation, contamination and health hazards.
Care must be taken to balance the benefits of using radiation with the potential harm it can cause.