Recognition of relationships between parts of a text

In Urdu literature, parts of a text often interconnect to form a complete idea or story. Relationships between different parts of a text enhance overall understanding. Be sure to identify these connections.
Look for transition words or phrases such as ‘however’, ‘meanwhile’, ‘therefore’, ‘in addition’, ‘on the other hand’, etc. They often indicate a shift or connection between ideas.
Be aware of references to earlier statements or events within the text. These could be flashbacks in a story, recaps of previous arguments in a discussion, or references to earlier data in a report.
Understanding the placement of paragraphs and sentences forms a part of understanding relationships within a text. For example, an introductory paragraph may set the context for the following paragraphs.

Text concepts may be dependent on each other for understanding. For example, a conclusion usually relies on the arguments or events explained earlier in the text.
Recognise cause-effect relationships, one event might cause another event described later in the text, or an argument might have consequence explained later.
An author may use comparisons or contrasts between different parts of a text to make a point or express an idea. Being able to identify these relationships is crucial to understanding the main ideas.

Identify various text types like narrative, argumentative, descriptive, or expository. Each text type has a relatively predictable structure, which can help identify relationships between different parts of the text.
Relationships can also be identified through changes in the tone or mood of the writing. These changes often signal a shift in the author’s focus or the unfolding of key events or ideas.
Constant practice in reading different genres, authors, and text types in Urdu will improve your ability to identify relationships within a text. Keep practicing!