Understanding of narrative, argument or factual information

Narrative texts are pieces that tell a story, usually with a clear beginning, middle and end. They may include characters, settings, and plot.
In an Urdu narrative, it is important to identify the central theme or message of the story.
Understanding the chronology (order of events) and identifying any elements of suspense or conflict can help to determine the narrative progression.

Argumentative texts are typically structured around a claim or a viewpoint, with subsequent reasoning and evidence to support it.
Look out for the writer’s claim or thesis statement, often found at the beginning of the text.
Identify the arguments made in support of this claim. These are usually found in separate paragraphs or sections.
Evaluate the interpretations and relevancies of the evidence provided. If an evidence seems weak or irrelevant, note it down.

To understand factual information, it is important to identify the specific details or examples that the writer gives.
Look out for any statistics, data, or facts. These can often help to support or refute a claim.
Consider whether the source of the facts is reliable. If the text doesn’t explicitly state a source, take the information with a degree of scepticism.
Identify possible biases or prejudices. These can also offer insight into the factual information being presented.

Understanding the structure of each text type can help to determine whether it is a narrative, argumentative, or factual text.
Determine what the author is trying to achieve: to tell a story, persuade the reader, or present facts.
If a text combines elements of different types (for instance, uses a narrative to argue a point), it’s important to identify these and consider how they work together.
Across all text types, the use of language, tone, and style can help provide clues to the author’s intention and the text’s meaning.