Understanding of specific information, ideas and opinions

Proficient reading requires careful attention to the details present in the text.
Details can include data, figures, or factual information provided by the author.
It is useful to underline or highlight such information while reading to gather all the relevant points.
Maps, graphs, or tables can also provide specific information, understand how to interpret these.

An author’s ideas or views are often conveyed subtly through their writing.
Ideas may be presented directly, or they can be implied through the choice of words or the overall context of the text.
Look for changes in the argument, contradictions, or developments in the text - these can provide insights into the author’s ideas.
Recognise the purpose of the text. It may be to inform, persuade, entertain, or invoke a certain response.

Distinguishing between facts and opinions is crucial - remember, facts are concrete and can be proven, while opinions are personal interpretations or views.
Look out for subjective language that suggests personal judgement, such as “I believe”, “In my opinion”, or “It seems to me”. These phrases often signal that an opinion is being expressed.
Note that authors may try to present their opinions as facts - be alert to bias or personal perspectives hidden in factual information.

Consider what function each section of the text performs - is it providing background information, offering an analysis, presenting a counterargument, or summarising the points?
Understanding this can help deduce the main ideas and specific information more accurately.

After reading a passage, try to summarise the specific information, main ideas and opinions to test your understanding.
Practise with a variety of text types and genres to improve your skills.