Fundamental Sculpting Techniques

Basic Sculpture Processes: Firstly, be familiar with the three basic sculpting processes which include additive (modelling), where material is gradually added, subtractive (carving), where material is removed, and manipulative (casting), where material is shaped or manipulated to create the piece.
Tools and Materials: Understand that a variety of tools and materials can be used in sculpting. This includes various types of clay, wood, stone, and metals to more unconventional materials such as plastics, textiles, or found objects. Traditional sculpting tools include chisels, mallets, and knives, but just as in experimental drawing or painting, non-traditional tools can also be used.

Modelling Techniques

Organic and geometric forms can be moulded using hands and tools in clay sculpting. The malleability of clay allows for easy manipulation but also means your work must be carefully preserved, often with specific storage conditions or glazes.
Wax sculpture can be used as a step in the lost-wax casting process or as a sculpture medium in its own right, providing a unique malleability and texture.

Understand stone carving as a slow and meticulous process requiring careful planning. It’s recommended to start with softer stones like soapstone or limestone before graduating to marble or granite.
Wood carving is a versatile process that can be as simple or complex as you choose. The variety of woods available offers a broad spectrum of textures, strengths, and colours to work with. Always consider the direction of the grain, which has a large impact on carving.

Casting techniques can range from traditional lost-wax casting to contemporary rapid prototyping like 3D modelling and printing.
Examine mould casting, which involves creating a negative imprint of your sculpture, then filling it with your chosen material.

Retain continuous self-reflection during your sculpting process. Being aware of own strengths and areas for improvement in your sculpting techniques will guide your artistic development.
Document your process in a visual or written journal. Including pictures, sketches, and thoughts about your sculpture from start to finish enhances understanding of your own creative process.
Personal meaning and context is crucial in sculpture. Use your personal investigations to relate your sculptures to individual interests or societal concepts.