pH Experiments

Understand what pH is: pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution; a lower pH indicates a greater concentration of hydrogen ions and thus a more acidic solution, whilst a higher pH indicates a lesser concentration, reflecting a more basic or alkaline solution.
Be aware of the universal indicator: It’s a solution that changes colour depending on the pH level of the solution that it is added to. Its main use is to visually demonstrate the approximate pH of a solution.
Familiarize yourself with the pH scale: The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A solution with a pH less than 7 is considered acidic, a pH of 7 indicates a neutral solution, and a pH greater than 7 is alkaline.
Recall the use of litmus paper: This simple device can help identify whether a solution is acidic or basic. Blue litmus paper turns red under acidic conditions and red litmus paper turns blue under basic conditions.
Remember indicators like phenolphthalein and bromothymol blue: Phenolphthalein becomes colourless in acidic solutions and turns pink in basic solutions. Bromothymol blue changes from blue to yellow as the solution changes from basic to acidic.
Understand how to perform a titration: This is a method used to determine the concentration of a solution by gradually adding a solution of known concentration until the reaction between the two is complete. The point at which this happens is called the “end point” and is usually indicated by a colour change.
Know the calculations associated with pH: The pH of a solution can be calculated using the formula pH = -log[H+], where H+ is the concentration of hydrogen ions.
Keep in mind that pH measurements are important in a variety of fields such as agriculture, medicine, and environmental science. Recognizing the pH level of a solution can help in understanding the properties of that solution and how it will react in different scenarios.
Always obey safety measures during experiments: Some solutions can be corrosive or harmful, so use appropriate protective equipment such as gloves and goggles. Follow all instructions and guidelines provided for the safe conduct of experiments.