Hardware and Communication

Section 1: Introduction to Hardware

Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system. This can include both internal components like the motherboard, CPU, RAM, and hard drive, as well as external devices like monitors, keyboards, and mice.
All the components work together to allow the computer to process information, execute instructions and perform tasks.

Section 2: Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU, or processor, is often referred to as the “brain” of the computer, as it carries out most of the processing inside the computer.
This includes executing program instructions, performing calculations, and managing the activities of all the hardware devices in the system.

Section 3: Random Access Memory (RAM)

RAM stands for random access memory. It’s a type of computer memory that can be read from and written to by the processor on your computer.
RAM is volatile memory, meaning that the information stored in it is lost when the computer is powered off.

Section 4: Hard Disk Drive (HDD) and Solid State Drive (SSD)

The hard disk drive (HDD) and solid state drive (SSD) are types of permanent storage inside your computer.
Unlike RAM, the data on an HDD or SSD isn’t deleted when you switch off your computer.

Section 5: Peripheral devices

Peripheral devices are external hardware inputs or outputs from the computer. Examples include printers, joysticks, cameras, and speakers.
Inputs provide data and instructions to the computer, while outputs provide the processed data from the computer to the user.

Section 6: Data Communication

Data communication is the process of sending and receiving data between two or more devices. This can be through wired connections (like Ethernet cables) or wireless connections (like Wi-Fi or Bluetooth).
Networks allow multiple devices to communicate and share data and resources. They can be local (LANs) or span large geographic areas (WANs).

Section 7: Internet and Communication Protocol

The internet is the worldwide collection of interconnected networks, permitting various types of data communication.
Communication over the internet is guided by protocols such as TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). This ensures that data is sent and received in a structured and reliable manner.

Section 8: Communication Bands

To avoid signal interference and congestion, the radio spectrum is divided into communication bands, each designated for a different type of communication: AM radio, FM radio, television broadcasts, mobile data, etc.
Wi-Fi commonly operates on the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, while mobile data can use several bands from 700 MHz to 2500 MHz.