Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

• Personal Pronouns in Latin are ego (I), tu (you), is, ea, id (he, she, it) in nominative case.
• They are used less frequently in Latin than in English due to verb endings often indicating the subject.
• They show gender, number, and case. For instance, egō (I) becomes meī (of me) in the genitive case and mihi (to/for me) in the dative case.

Demonstrative Pronouns

• Demonstrative Pronouns in Latin include hic, haec, hoc (this/these) and ille, illa, illud (that/those).
• They function much like adjectives, but can stand alone and replace a noun.
• They agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they replace.

Reflexive Pronouns

• Reflexive Pronouns refer back to the subject of the sentence. Latin reflexive pronouns include se (himself, herself, itself, themselves) and sui (his own, her own, its own, their own).
• They are used when the action of the verb is done to the same person or thing as the subject.

Interrogative Pronouns

• Interrogative Pronouns are used for asking questions. In Latin, the interrogative pronouns are quis? qui? quid? (who? which? what?)
• They can be used as standalone pronouns or as adjectives.
• They always appear at the beginning of a question.

Relative Pronouns

• Relative Pronouns (qui, quae, quod) link clauses or sentences. They function as the subject or object of the verb in the relative clause.
• They “relate” back to a noun or pronoun in the main clause, known as the antecedent.
• The relative pronoun should agree with its antecedent in gender and number, but its case depends on its role in its own clause.