Knowledge of an aspect of a Roman civilisation

Roman Society

Romans were divided into patricians and plebeians; the former were the aristocracy, the latter the common citizens.
Slavery was a crucial part of Roman society. Slaves were employed in all areas, from agriculture to household chores.
The head of the family (paterfamilias) held considerable authority over the household, including wives, children, and slaves.
Roman women had limited rights but enjoyed more freedom compared to their Greek counterparts; they could own and inherit property.

Education was important to Romans, with initial teaching occurring at home by parents or private tutors.
Wealthier children might later attend schools to learn reading, writing, arithmetic, and sometimes rhetoric and philosophy.
The teaching method relied heavily on rote learning and physical punishment.

Roman religion was polytheistic, borrowing heavily from Greek mythology.
Romans believed in maintaining peace with the gods (pax deorum) through rituals, sacrifices, and interpreting omens.
Many aspects of daily Roman life, including politics and military affairs, were influenced by religious considerations.

The Roman Republic had a complex system of government with three branches: the magistrates, the Senate, and the assemblies.
The Senate was the most powerful body, made of lifelong members often of patrician families.
Over time, this republic transformed into an imperial autocracy, with the Emperor holding supreme authority.
The principle of legal citizenship (civitas) was extended across the empire, offering a degree of protection and rights.

Roman architecture is renowned for its efficiency and grandeur, with buildings like the Colosseum and aqueducts attesting to it.
Romans were expert engineers and used arches, vaults, and cement in their constructions.
They innovated the domed structure, best exemplified by the Pantheon.

Gladiatorial games, chariot races, and theatre performances were popular forms of Roman entertainment.
The Colosseum was the primary venue for gladiatorial contests, capable of seating thousands of spectators.
Bathing was both a recreational activity and a social event; bathing complexes (thermae) were found across the empire.

The Roman army was highly organised, disciplined, and effective in expanding the Roman territory.
Soldiers could earn citizenship through military service, which was a key motivation for many.
Conquered regions were often converted into Roman provinces, managed by a governor appointed by Rome.