Research Procedures

• Research Procedures are methods used by psychologists to investigate various aspects of cognition and behavior.

• Experiments are one of these methods, involving a manipulation of variables to measure results.

• Experiments can be lab-based, where every variable is controlled in a specific environment, or field-based, conducted in real-world scenarios.

• Controlled observation is another procedure, watching and recording behavior in a structured environment.

• In contrast, Naturalistic observation implies studying behavior in its own habitat with minimal interference.

• Case studies revolve around an in-depth analysis of an individual or a group, often over a long period of time.

• Surveys and questionnaires gather data from a sizable sample and are particularly used in social psychology.

• Correlational research analyses the relationship between two variables but does not manipulate them.

• Cross-sectional research compares different groups of people at the same time, while longitudinal studies follow a group over time.

• Ethnography is a cultural immersion method where the researcher deeply engages with a specific society or group to understand their behavior.

• All research procedures should adhere to ethical guidelines to protect the well-being and privacy of participants.

• It’s essential to note the strengths, limitations, and appropriateness of each procedure in relation to the research aim.

• Interpreting results should be done responsibly, considering confounding variables that could affect outcomes.

• Research findings are used to advance theories, develop treatments, or influence policies in the field of psychology.