Neuron Structure and Function

Neurons, or nerve cells, are the basic units of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information within the body.
Every neuron is made up of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. The cell body is the central part of the neuron, containing the nucleus.
Dendrites are like branches extending from the cell body, carrying information from other neurons towards the cell body.
The axon is a long extension of the neuron that transmits signals away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles or glands.
Neurons communicate with each other through an electrochemical process. Signals are sent down the axon of the neuron as an electrical impulse.
When the impulse reaches the end of the axon, it triggers the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters cross a tiny gap called the synapse, attaching to receptors on the next neuron and transmitting the signal.
This process is essential in understanding how we think, feel and behave. Different types of neurons have been linked to distinct behaviours and psychological experiences.
For instance, malfunctioning or damage to neurons in particular parts of the brain can result in specific behavioural changes or psychological conditions, emphasizing the critical role of these cells in our everyday functioning.
Overall, understanding the structure and functioning of neurons is fundamental to the study of psychology as it provides a foundational understanding of how information is processed and transmitted within the brain, leading to our thoughts, emotions, and behaviours.