Theories of Addiction

• Theories of Addiction

• Biological Theory: This posits that addiction is primarily due to a person’s genetic predisposition and biochemistry. People may have genes that predispose them to addiction, or changes in their brain chemistry may make them more prone to addiction.

• Psychological Theory: This theory suggests that people may use addictive substances or engage in addictive behaviours as a means of coping with psychological distress. This might be due to past trauma, ongoing stress, mental health issues such as depression or anxiety, feelings of low self-esteem or self-worth, or feelings of helplessness or hopelessness.

• Social Learning Theory: This proposes that addiction can be learned through observing and imitating the behaviour of others. For example, if someone grows up in an environment where substance use is common, they may be more likely to engage in similar behavior.

• Cognitive Theory: This approach suggests that one’s thoughts, beliefs, and expectations can contribute to addiction. Individuals may have erroneous beliefs about the benefits of a certain addictive behaviour or substance, leading them to engage in it.

• Sociocultural Theory: This theory emphasizes that social and cultural factors can greatly influence addiction. Certain social norms, such as those around drinking alcohol, can promote addictive behaviour. Additionally, individuals from marginalized groups or those experiencing poverty may be more prone to addiction due to social pressures and inequalities.

• The Disease Model: This model treats addiction as a disease that changes the brain over time, leading to compulsive use of the addictive substance or behaviour despite harmful consequences.

• The Reward Model: This theory focuses on the brain’s reward system, which includes pleasure centres that are activated by addictive substances or activities. Over time, the brain’s reward system can become desensitized, leading to increased consumption in order to feel the same level of pleasure.