Building services (plumbing, electrical, and mechanical systems)

Building Services Overview

Building services involve the design and installation of essential elements that make a building comfortable, functional and safe for occupants.
These services include plumbing, electrical systems, and mechanical systems like heating, ventilation and air conditioning.

Plumbing is crucial for the distribution of potable water in the building and the disposal of wastewater.
Different types of plumbing systems include drain-waste-vent, septic systems, and potable cold and hot water supply.
Plumbing fixtures, like sinks, toilets, baths and showers, are connected to these systems.
Plumbing also includes gas supply lines for cooking, heating and other uses.

The electrical system in a building supplies power to all electrical appliances and devices.
This system includes electrical conduits (tubes for protecting electrical wires), distribution boards (for dividing electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits), and safety devices like circuit breakers and fuses.
Electrical system design must comply with safety regulations and ensure efficient use of power.

Mechanical systems in a building include the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.
The heating system, usually a boiler or furnace, heats water or air which is then distributed to different parts of the building.
Ventilation systems control the flow of air to maintain good air quality, remove moisture, odours, smoke and heat.
The air conditioning system cools and dehumidifies the air. It is critical in warmer climates or in buildings that generate a lot of heat.

When designing building services, the focus should be on providing comfort, ensuring safety, and promoting energy efficiency.
Comfort depends on factors like temperature, lighting, ventilation, and access to water and sanitation.
Safety involves ensuring electrical and fire safety, and securing the water supply.
Energy efficiency reduces running costs and negative environmental impacts. It can be achieved through practices like using energy-efficient appliances and insulating the building.