Woodland types

WOODLAND TYPES

Ancient Woodland

  • Ancient woodland is an area that has been continuously wooded since at least 1600 AD.
  • These woodlands have a high biodiversity value due to their antiquity - over hundreds of years, they have developed ecosystems that are rich in a variety of species.
  • Ancient woodlands often contain indicator species, these are species that suggest (indicate) the presence of ancient woodland due to their slow rate of colonisation.
  • These woodlands are irreplaceable, if destroyed they can’t be recreated.

Native Woodland

  • Native woodlands are woods that consist mainly of tree species that have grown in the UK since the last Ice Age.
  • These woodlands can support a wide range of plants, animals and fungi, creating a diverse ecosystem.
  • Examples of trees found in native woodlands include Oak, Birch, Hazel and Holly.

Coniferous Woodland

  • Coniferous woodland is predominantly made up of evergreen trees, mainly pines, firs and spruces.
  • These woodlands provide habitats for species different to those found in broadleaf woodlands due to their needled leaves and different seasonal rhythms.
  • Coniferous woodlands are often planted for timber production because the trees grow relatively quickly.

Mixed Woodland

  • Mixed woodland is composed of a mix of broadleaf and coniferous trees.
  • This type of woodland can provide a diverse habitat suitable for a variety of wildlife.
  • Mixed woodlands are often used both for providing wildlife habitats and for timber production.

Plantation Woodland

  • Plantation woodlands have been planted, typically with one or two species (often non-native), and are managed for timber production.
  • These woodlands are less likely to support a diverse range of flora and fauna due to the lack of variety in their tree species.
  • Nevertheless, they can provide important habitats for different woodland bird species, and many mammals find shelter and forage in these areas.

Wood-pasture and Parkland

  • Wood-pasture and parkland is a type of landscape where woodland and grassland habitats coexist.
  • These environments feature large “veteran” trees growing in open grassland, often created by historic land management practices.

General Point

  • Understanding the differences between these types of woodlands is crucial in managing them effectively, as different woodlands require different management strategies.