Plant classification and identification

Plant Classification and Identification

Introduction to Classification

  • Living organisms are arranged in a hierarchy, starting from the smallest taxonomic unit, the species, and ending with the largest, the kingdom. This hierarchical system is known as the hierarchical classification.
  • The main aim of classification is to reflect evolutionary relationships.
  • The five kingdoms primarily relevant to plant science are Monera (bacteria), Protista (algae, protozoa), Fungi, Animalia and Plantae.

Basics of Plant Classification

  • Plantae is divided into divisions based on the characteristics of lifecycle, type of reproduction, and specific structural features.
  • The divisions in the plant kingdom include Bryophyta (mosses), Pteridophyta (ferns), Gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants) and Angiosperms (flowering plants).

The Binomial Naming System

  • In scientific terms, plants are named based on a universal system called the binomial naming system or binomial nomenclature.
  • Each plant species is given a unique name consisting of two parts: the generic name (genus) and the specific epithet (species).

Identification of Plants

  • Plant identification involves examining the morphological characteristics of the plant, such as leaf shape, flower structure, plant height, and other physical attributes.
  • Dichotomous keys can aid with the identification process. These keys provide sets of alternatively paired characteristics to observe in the plant, leading to the species name.
  • An understanding of plant anatomy, including studying roots, stems, leaves, and flowers is crucial in plant identification.
  • Photographs and descriptions in field guides can be valuable resources for plant identification.

Field Techniques for Plant Identification

  • Taking notes and capturing photographs assist in recording observations in the field.
  • Collection, pressing, and mounting plant specimens serve as a physical record for later study and verification.
  • Be aware of seasonal variations while identifying as plants may look different at different times of the year.

Remember, plant classification and identification is a foundational aspect of plant science. It enables understanding of plants’ adaptation strategies, evolutionary developments, and contributes to their preservation and conservation.