Organic farming

Organic Farming

• Organic farming is a method of cultivation that relies on biological diversity, the use of natural processes, and the overall health of the ecosystem.
• Emphasises the use of natural fertilisers such as compost and manure to nourish soil quality, rather than synthetic or chemical fertilisers.
• Pest management in organic farming involves using natural methods like the introduction of predator insects or using plants that repel pests, instead of using chemical pesticides.
• Organic farming supports and promotes biodiversity by growing a variety of crops and raising a diverse range of livestock.

Advantages of Organic Farming

• Improves soil health: Organic farming practices like crop rotation and the use of compost can replenish nutrients and promote soil biodiversity.
• Reduces pollution: By avoiding synthetic chemicals, organic farming reduces pollution of water, soil, and air.
• Supports pollination: by providing habitats and food sources for pollinators, helping maintain biodiversity.
• Product quality: Organically grown produce is believed to be more nutritious and better tasting than conventionally grown counterparts.

Disadvantages of Organic Farming

• Lower yields: Organic farming typically produces lower yields than conventional farming due to factors such as the amount of land needed and the challenge of managing pests naturally.
• More labour-intensive: Organic methods often require more time and effort, making it more labour-intensive than conventional farming.
• Higher price: The reduced yield and larger effort and inputs required lead to higher prices for organic produce.

Practices in Organic Farming

• Crop rotation: This is a key practice in organic farming where different crops are grown in the same area in sequenced seasons to maintain soil fertility and reduce pest and disease problems.
• Green manure and compost: Natural materials like plant waste and animal manure are used to feed plants and enrich the soil.
• Biological pest control: Utilising natural predators or other biological measures to control pests and diseases.
• Mechanical cultivation: Techniques like mulching, manual removal of weeds and hand hoeing are used to manage weeds without using chemicals.

Challenges in Organic Farming

• Transition period: The transition from conventional farming to organic can be challenging and financially risky as the soil needs time to rebuild its organic matter.
• Certification cost: Getting an organic certification can be expensive, adding to the overall cost of organic farming.
• Supply chain issues: The limited availability of organic seeds and other inputs can make it more difficult to manage an organic farm.

Organic Farming and Sustainable Land Use

• Organic farming feeds the soil, reduces erosion, and encourages a harmonious relationship with nature, championing sustainable land use.
• This farming method also helps to sequester carbon in the soil, making a contribution to climate change mitigation.
• It reduces water pollution by forgoing synthetic fertilisers and pesticides, contributing to the overall sustainability of water resources.