Social Inequality in relation to social class

Definition of social class: Social class refers to the division of society based on economic and social status, often tied to occupation, income and wealth.
Marxist view of social class: Karl Marx proposed a two-class system consisting of the bourgeoisie (owners of the means of production) and the proletariat (working class). Marxists believe class conflict is inherent in capitalist societies.
Weberian view of social class: Max Weber proposed a more complex model, considering social class as a multidimensional construct consisting of class, status and power.
Intergenerational mobility: This refers to the shift or movement in social class from one generation to the next. It is often a key aspect in discussions about social inequality.

Income and wealth: Social classes are primarily separated by disproportionate distribution of income and wealth. The upper classes have significantly more wealth than the lower classes. The income gap between classes has wider implications for living conditions, life choices and overall quality of life.
Life chances: Your social class can impact your life chances - including health, education, and employment opportunities. Those from higher social classes typically have better life chances.
Education: Education is another area where social class can play a significant role. Children from higher social classes generally have access to better resources, attend better schools, and have a higher likelihood of going to university.
Health: Health inequalities often exist in relation to social class. The lower classes typically have poorer health outcomes, which can be tied to factors such as stress, diet, and access to healthcare.
Cultural capital: Coined by Bourdieu, this refers to the non-financial social assets that promote social mobility. Those from higher social classes often have more cultural capital, which can lead to benefits in education and career opportunities.

The Underclass: Some sociologists propose the existence of an underclass who are structurally disadvantaged, experiencing long-term unemployment, poverty, and exclusion from societal norms and institutions.
The Neoliberal perspective: Neoliberal perspectives suggest that individuals are responsible for their social position and can work to improve it, often minimizing the structural elements of social class.
Social Mobility: This refers to individual’s movement up or down the social class structure. However, some argue that social mobility is a myth and that class inequalities are becoming more entrenched.
The Impact of government policies: Policy decisions taken by governments can have differential effects on different social classes, and could either enhance or mitigate social class inequalities.

Understanding Social Class