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GCSE Biology (Combined) WJEC
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GCSE Biology (Combined) WJEC
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GCSE Biology (Combined) WJEC
– Topics
Cell Division and Stem Cells
Stem Cells Replacing Damaged Tissue
Stem Cells
Cancer as a Result of Uncontrolled Mitosis
Outcomes of Mitotic and Meiotic Divisions
Cell Division by Mitosis and Meisosis
Chromosomes
Cells and Movement across Membranes
Effect of Temperature and pH on Enzyme Activity
Enzyme-substrate Complexes
Specific Shapes of Enzymes
Enzyme Control of Chemical Reactions in Cells
Active Transport
Osmosis
Diffusion
Levels of Organisation within Organisms
Specialised Cells
Use of a Light Microscope
The Structure of Animal and Plant Cells
Circulatory System in Humans
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
Double Circulatory System (Pulmonary and Systemic)
The Flow of Blood
The Role of the Coronary Vessels
The Structure of Heart
Functions of Red Cells, Platelets, Plasma, White Cells
The Structure of a Phagocyte and a Red Blood Cell
Classification and Biodiversity
The Use of Biological Control Agents and Possible Issues
The Principles of Capture/Recapture Techniques
The Principles of Sampling
Using Quadrats to Investigate the Abundance of Species
Biodiversity
Individual Organisms needing Resources from their Environment
Morphological and Behavioural Adaptations of Organisms
Classifying Organisms into Groups
Range of Sizes, Features and Complexity of Living Oragnisms
DNA and Inheritance
Artificial Transfer of Genes from One Organism to Another
Sex Determination in Humans
Phenotypic Features
Single Gene Inheritance
Genes as Sections of DNA Molecules
DNA Profiling
Genetic Profiling
Complementary Base Pairing between A and T, C and G
The Structure of DNA
Digestion and the Digestive System in Humans
The Implications of Sugar, Fat and Salt in Foods
The Need for a Balanced Diet
Fate of the Digested Products of Fats, Carbohydrates and Proteins
Absorbing Soluble Substances
The Function of Bile
How Food is Moved by Peristalsis
Role of Organs in Digestion and Absorption
Structure of the Human Digestive System and Associated Structures
Carbohydrase, Protease, Lipase in Digestion
Tests for the Presence of Starch, Glucose, Protein
Digestion of Larger Insoluble Molecules
The Need for Digestion
Disease, Defence and Treatment
New Drug Treatments
Preventing Certain Conditions by Treatment with Drugs or Other Therapies
Resistant Bacteria as a Result from the Overuse of Antibiotics
Antibiotics
Vaccination
Antigens
How Body Defends itself from Disease
Communicable Diseases
The Harmless Nature of Micro-organisms
Ecosystems and Human Impact on the Environment
Effects of Untreated Sewage and Fertilisers
Metals, Industrial Waste, Pesticides entering a Food Chain
Signs of Pollution
Advantages and Disadvantages of Intensive Farming Methods
Balancing Human Requirements and Needs of Wildlife
Calculating Efficency of Energy Transfers between Trophic Levels
Pyramids of Numbers and Biomass
Food Chains and Food Webs
Plants and Photosynthesis
The Uses Made by Plant Cells of the Glucose Produced in Photosynthesis
The Practical Techniques used to Investigate Photosynthesis
Limiting Factors of Photosynthesis
Imprtance of Photosynthesis
Respiration and the Respiratory System in Humans
The Effects of Smoking
Percentage Composition of Inspired and Expired Air and the Reasons for Differences
Structure of an Alveolus and its Blood Supply
The Bell Jar Model
Mechanisms of Inspiration and Expiration
The Function of Mucus and Cilia in the Respiratory System
The Need for and Purpose of the Respiratory System
Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Response and Regulation
Conditions Affected by Lifestyle Choices
Principles of Negative Feedback Mechanisms
Structure of a Section through the Skin
Diabetes
Glucose Levels
Hormones as Chemical Messengers
The Components of a Reflex Arc
The Properties of Reflex Actions
The Nervous System
Organs - Groups of Receptor Cells which Respond to Specific Stimuli
Variation and Evolution
The Human Genome
Ongoing Evolution as Illustrated by Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Natural Selection
Characteristics Adapted to the Organism's Environment
Heritable Variation as the Basis of Evolution
Mutations Causing Conditions which may be Passed On in Families
New Genes as a Result from Changes and Mutations in Existing Genes
Sexual Reproduction Leading to Offsprings being Different from Parents
Variation in Individuals of the Same Species