Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease refers to conditions that afflict the heart and blood vessels, affecting the circulation of blood throughout the body.
Several key factors increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, including personal lifestyle choices and genetic predisposition.
Smoking is a major risk factor. Smoking damages the lining of the arteries, leading to a buildup of fatty material which narrows the artery. This reduces the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart.
High blood pressure or hypertension can contribute to blockages and weak spots in your blood vessels, leading to heart disease. This can be influenced by factors such as poor diet, lack of exercise, obesity or genetic predisposition.
High levels of LDL cholesterol (the ‘bad’ cholesterol) can lead to the buildup of deposits on the arterial walls, narrowing the passages through which blood flows.
Overconsumption of saturated fats can increase the cholesterol level in your body, leading to the formation of plaques in the arteries. It’s therefore important to monitor your diet and limit the intake of foods high in such fats.
Physical inactivity or lack of regular exercise can lead to obesity and high blood pressure, putting you at greater risk of cardiovascular disease.
Those with diabetes, either type 1 or type 2, are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease. High blood sugar levels can lead to damage in the blood vessels and nerves that control the heart.
A family history of cardiovascular disease can also significantly increase risk, due to inherited characteristics that might make you more susceptible.
Age is another factor, as the risk of developing heart diseases increases with age.
Not managing stress effectively can contribute to heart disease. Stress might lead to unhealthy habits like smoking, overeating or heavy drinking which can harm the heart.
Consuming too much alcohol can raise your blood pressure and contribute to weight gain, both of which may increase the risk of developing heart disease.
Factors such as social status and poverty can also play a part, as individuals in lower socio-economic groups can often have poorer access to healthcare, higher levels of stress and a more unhealthy lifestyle.