How Body Defends itself from Disease

The human body has several defence mechanisms to protect itself from potential harm caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
The first line of defence includes physical and chemical barriers such as the skin, mucous membranes, and stomach acid. These serve to prevent the entry of pathogens into the body.
The skin acts as a primary barrier, preventing the entry of most pathogens. It secretes sebum, which has antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Mucous membranes found in the nose, throat and lungs trap pathogens which are then expelled from the body during coughing and sneezing.
Stomach acid serves to destroy any pathogens which may have been ingested with food.
In addition to these barriers, the body also has an immune system which serves to destroy pathogens that successfully enter the body.
This includes white blood cells called phagocytes that engulf and destroy pathogens in a process known as phagocytosis.
Another type of white blood cell, the lymphocytes, produce antibodies that specifically target a particular type of pathogen. These antibodies bind to pathogens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells.
The lymphatic system is also part of the immune system and helps to remove waste and toxins from the body. It also plays a crucial role in combating infections.
Vaccinations are a vital tool in disease prevention. They stimulate the immune system by exposing it to a harmless version of the pathogen, enabling the body to produce a fast and efficient response if the actual pathogen is encountered.
The immune system also has a memory component, meaning that it can remember previously encountered pathogens and respond rapidly and effectively during subsequent encounters.
Combined, all these defence mechanisms play a crucial role in maintaining health and preventing infectious diseases.