The Structure of DNA

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, and it is composed of two strands in the form of a double helix.
The DNA double helix structure looks like a twisted ladder, where the sides are made of sugar and phosphate molecules, and the rungs are made by base pairs.
There are four different types of bases in DNA: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
Each base on one strand of DNA pairs with a specific partner base on the opposite strand. This is called base pairing, where adenine pairs with thymine (A-T), and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G).
The order of these base pairs is called the DNA sequence. The sequence spells out the instructions required to create a particular organism with its own unique traits.
Each DNA sequence that codes for a particular protein is called a gene.
From the DNA, various proteins can be made, and these proteins help the body to function properly.
DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. It ensures that when cells divide, each new cell has the same genetic information.
DNA is contained within structures called chromosomes. In human cells, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, making a total of 46.
Half of your chromosomes come from your mother (in the egg), and the other half come from your father (in the sperm).
The part of the cell where the DNA is located is called the nucleus.