The Use of Riffs in Film Music

The Basics

A riff is a short, repeated, catchy melodic idea. It’s an important element used often in film music.
Developed and popularised in genres such as jazz, blues and rock, riffs are frequently used to establish mood, theme or character.

The Function of Riffs in Film Music

Riffs can introduce, represent or even substitute for a character. When a certain riff is repeated whenever a character appears on screen, audiences quickly associate the sound with that character.
They can create an atmosphere, setting the scene quickly without the need for visual cues. Different riffs denote different emotions - for example, fast, harsh riffs can create tension, while slow, melodic riffs can signal tranquility.
Riffs can help to highlight or heighten emotional moments within a film.

Riffs in Different Film Genres

In action films, riffs are often used in chase scenes or battles to escalate drama and momentum.
In horror films, eerie, dissonant riffs can provoke fear and suspense.
In romantic films, soft, melodic riffs often reflect themes of love and nostalgia.

Notable Examples of Riffs in Film Music

The iconic two-note riff of John Williams’ Jaws theme, which increases in speed and volume as the shark draws closer, inducing fear and anticipation in the audience.
The repetitive, electronic riff used in Vangelis’ soundtrack for ‘Blade Runner’, reflecting the futuristic, dystopian setting.
The whistle riff used in Ennio Morricone’s soundtrack for ‘The Good, The Bad and The Ugly’ has become synonymous with the Wild West setting.

Understanding Riffs in Film Music

To understand the use of a riff, pay attention to where and how it’s repeated, and how it relates to the visual narrative.
Analyzing the instrumentation, tempo, key, pitch, and duration of a riff can reveal much about its purpose.
Listening carefully to film scores and recognizing riffs can enhance your understanding of film music as a whole.