Interpreting and Analysing Historic Photographs

Steps to Interpret and Analyse Historic Photographs

First Observation

Begin with a careful observation of the photograph, noting key elements such as the subject matter, context, and composition.
Analyse basic elements like lighting, colour, scale, angle and framing.

Establish the Context

Research the historical context of the photograph. Details like the date it was taken, the photographer, and the historical events occurring at the time can provide rich insights.
Understand the purpose of the photograph. Was it taken for a specific occasion, as an art piece, or to document a moment in time?

Content Analysis

Evaluate the subjects in the photograph. Understand who or what they are, what they’re doing, and their relationship to each other.
Pay attention to details in the background and foreground of the photograph, as these can provide additional clues to its meaning.

Interpret the Photograph

Reflect on the mood and atmosphere conveyed by the photograph. Are they pointing to a broader narrative or theme?
Consider the photographer’s intentions. What message or narrative were they trying to convey through the photograph?

Bias and Objectivity

Question the objectivity of the photograph. Is it presenting a ‘truth’, or is it staged or constructed in some way?
Recognise the potential bias of the photographer, and how their perspective may influence the image captured.

Connecting to a Broader Narrative

Connect the photograph to a broader historical narrative, considering how it contributes or challenges dominant narratives.
Use the photograph to gain a deeper understanding of historic events and societal changes.

Presentation and Influence

Evaluate how the photograph has been used and presented over time, and how this has influenced its interpretation.
Understand the ongoing influence of the historic photograph, and its relevance to today’s context.

Synthesis

After going through the steps above, the final task is to formulate a comprehensive analysis of the photograph, reflecting on how its various elements work together to give it meaning. Tie together the observations, historical context, interpretations, and broader narratives to generate a cohesive understanding of the photograph. Remember that photography is both subjective and multifaceted, and so your analysis may differ from someone else’s.