Investigating Documentary Photography

Understanding Documentary Photography

Documentary photography is a style that uses images to tell a story about reality.
Primarily used to chronicle significant historical events.
Uses straightforward compositions to accurately portray the subjects.
Photographs are usually shot in black and white to focus on the subject matter and convey a sense of realism.

Key Elements in Documentary Photography

Composition: The arrangement or placement of visual elements in a photograph. Vital to directing the viewer’s eye.
Narrative: Documentary photography tells a story of a moment, event, or people. Each image can stand alone or be part of a larger story.
Context: Consideration should be given to the culture, history, and setting of the subject matter.
Reality: Unlike some other genres, documentary photography is about depicting real life with authenticity.
Truth: The photographer attempts to present an unfiltered and impartial view of their subject.

Significant Documentary Photographers

Dorothea Lange : Renowned for photographs of the Great Depression, particularly the image “Migrant Mother”.
Robert Capa : Celebrated for combat photography, especially those from the D-Day Invasion and the Spanish Civil War.
Don McCullin : Known for his harrowing images of conflict and war-torn areas.
Martin Parr : Famous for detailing ordinary and overlooked aspects of everyday life.

Documentary Photography Techniques

Candid Shots: Photographing subjects without their awareness helps to maintain the authenticity of the image.
Long-Term Projects: Documentary photography often involves long-term projects to explore a subject in-depth.
Environmental Portraits: Captures individuals in their environment, providing context and adding to the overall narrative.
Photographing Details: Attention to details can reveal elements of a story that may not be captured in broader scenes.

Evaluating Documentary Photographs

Consider the story being told—or the lack thereof. What event, person, or issue is the image chronicling?
Analyse the composition. How does it guide your attention? What does it emphasise or downplay?
Consider the context of the image. How does the cultural, historical, or physical setting influence your understanding of the photo?
Consider whether the photographer has presented an objective view or if there’s sign of bias.

Remember that studying the work of others is a valuable part of your own learning. Consider what you can draw from and incorporate into your photography from their techniques. Remember to always discuss and analyse images using relevant photographic vocabulary.