Electric Motors

An electric motor uses electrical energy to produce mechanical movement.
Motors work due to the interaction of magnetic fields.
The key components of a motor are a power source, magnets, and a loop or coil of wire.
In a simple motor, a coil of wire spins between the opposite poles of a magnet. When current is applied, the coil spins due to the force of the magnetic field.
This principle is described by Fleming’s left-hand rule, which shows the direction of the force on a conductor carrying a current in a magnetic field.
The ‘split ring commutator’ is a key part of the motor. Its function is to change the direction of the current every half turn to ensure the motor continuously spins in the same direction.
The motor’s speed can be increased by increasing the current, using stronger magnets, adding more coils of wire, or making the coil of wire larger.
Real-life applications of motors include in household appliances, industrial equipment, and electric transportation such as cars and trains.
Electric motors are often much more efficient than other types of motors. They can convert over 90% of the electrical energy into mechanical energy.
However, some energy is lost as heat due to resistance in the wires. This heat can damage the motor if not managed well.
Understanding how electric motors work can lead to more efficient designs, helping to reduce energy consumption and lower carbon emissions.