Electricity: Mains Cables

Mains cables refer to the standard electrical cables in use in homes and businesses to deliver alternating current (AC) power from general service outlets.
Each cable consists of three different wires namely, the earth wire (usually striped green and yellow), the live wire (brown), and the neutral wire (blue).
Live wires are hazardous and can give an electric shock if they’re touched. They carry a voltage of around 230 volts.
The neutral wire completes the circuit and is near earth voltage (0 volts). However, if the system is wired incorrectly it could become live.
Earth wires provide a pathway for the electric current to flow safely if something goes wrong with an appliance. They do not normally carry current and are connected to the metal casing of an appliance to prevent electric shock.
Plug sockets used in the UK have a built-in fuse for safety. The fuse breaks the circuit if too much current flows. This prevents overheating and the risk of fire.
Materials used in cables and electrical devices are good conductors of electricity, like copper and aluminium. Rubber and plastic, which are insulators, are used to cover the wires to prevent accidental contact with the conductor.
The power of an electrical device is the rate at which it transforms energy (transfers energy per unit time). An appliance with a higher power rating will draw more current from the mains.
A short circuit may occur if the live wire comes into direct contact with the neutral wire. The resulting surge in current usually causes a fuse to blow or a circuit breaker to cut off the power, preventing fire or damage to appliances.
Always maintain safety when dealing with electricity. Make sure plugs are wired correctly before use, be mindful around water, do not overload sockets, and replace worn or frayed cables immediately.

Remember, reviewing and understanding these points regularly can greatly enhance your knowledge and familiarity with the topic of mains cables.