Forces and Energy Changes: Forces as Vectors

Forces are measured in newtons (N) and they are vectors, which means they have both magnitude (size) and direction.
Vector quantities can be represented by arrows. The length of the arrow shows the magnitude of the force, and the direction of the arrow shows the direction of the force.
When multiple forces act on an object, they can be added together to find the resultant force. This is called ‘resolving forces’.
If the forces acting on an object are unbalanced (i.e., if the resultant force is not zero), the object will accelerate in the direction of the resultant force.
Forces can cause energy changes. For example, applying force to an object can give it kinetic energy as it starts to move.
Energy can change from one form to another. For example, kinetic energy (the energy of movement) can be converted into potential energy (energy stored in an object due to its position or state), and vice versa.
Work is done when a force moves an object. The amount of work done is equal to the force applied multiplied by the distance moved in the direction of the force (work done = force x distance). This energy transfer is also measured in newtons.
When work is done against the force of gravity (such as lifting an object), the object gains gravitational potential energy.
The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another.
Knowledge of vector forces can be applied in various contexts, including mechanical systems, static structures, and gravitational, electric, and magnetic fields.