Subject Pronouns

Subject pronouns in Spanish are used to indicate who is performing an action. They are words such as yo (I), tú (you, singular informal), él/ella/usted (he/she/you formal singular), nosotros/nosotras (we), vosotros/vosotras (you plural, Spain), ellos/ellas/ustedes (they/you plural).
Spanish uses different subject pronouns for different registers. Usted (you, singular) and ustedes (you, plural) are used to address someone more formally. They follow the same verb conjugation as él/ella and ellos/ellas respectively.
When addressing a group informally, Spanish in Spain uses vosotros/vosotras (you all). However, in Latin America, ustedes is used both formally and informally.
In Spanish, use of subject pronouns can often be omitted, as the verb ending usually provides information about the subject: “Yo leo el libro” (I read the book) can also be written as “Leo el libro” (I read the book), without losing the sense of the sentence.

Feminine and Masculine

Spanish has gender-specific pronouns for the first-person plural and second-person plural form. Nosotros when the group consists of males only or a mix, and nosotras when the group consists of females only. The same applies with vosotros/vosotras.

Essential pronouns to understand include: yo (I), tú (you, singular informal), él (he), ella (she), usted (you, formal singular), nosotros/nosotras (we), vosotros/vosotras (you, plural informal), ellos/ellas (they), ustedes (you, formal plural).

Reflexive pronouns mark actions done to oneself. They include: me (myself), te (yourself, singular), se (himself, herself, itself, yourself formal), nos (ourselves), os (yourselves, Spain), se (themselves, yourselves). They always agree with the subject: “Yo me miro en el espejo” (I look at myself in the mirror).