International and national institutions and organizations

International Institutions and Organisations

International institutions are bodies that operate on a global scale. They are usually formed by treaties or agreements between nations. Examples include the United Nations, World Bank, and World Trade Organisation.
The United Nations (UN) is an international organisation founded in 1945 with a mission to promote peace and security, foster cooperation among nations, and uphold international law. It has six main organs: the General Assembly, Security Council, Secretariat, International Court of Justice, Economic and Social Council, and the Trusteeship Council.
The World Health Organisation (WHO), a branch of the UN, is responsible for global public health. It leads and coordinates international health within the United Nation’s system and provides leadership on matters critical to health.
The World Trade Organisation (WTO) enforces trade agreements, moderates trade disputes, and fosters free trade among its member countries.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank are financial institutions aimed at fostering global monetary cooperation, securing financial stability, facilitating international trade, promoting high employment and sustainable economic growth, and eradicating poverty around the world.

National Institutions and Organisations

National institutions are bodies or organisations set up by a country’s government to perform certain functions. They include political bodies, public service departments, financial institutions, and educational bodies.
The government itself is a national institution. It carries out functions such as maintaining law and order, education, health, and welfare of its citizens, and regulating the economy.
The Central Bank is a financial institution which manages a country’s money supply, interest rates and ensures financial stability.
Public service departments are organisations that carry out functions of the government in areas like health, safety, and public welfare.
National educational bodies set the curriculum, conduct examinations, and award qualifications.
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs), although not government-run, also fulfil important roles in a country by advocating for rights, providing social services, and promoting a variety of causes. Examples include the Red Crescent Society, and the national branches of international NGOs like Greenpeace.