School and higher education

School and higher education

Malay Education System

  • Malay education system is based on the British model.
  • It includes Pre-school, Primary, Secondary and Post-secondary stages.
  • Children start formal schooling with the six-year Primary School stage and end with post-secondary education leading to university or higher professional qualifications.

Primary and Secondary School

  • Primary education is compulsory for all children aged six onwards.
  • Secondary education begins at age 12 and lasts up to five years.
  • Sixth form is for students aged between 17 and 18, leading to the A-level examinations.
  • Subjects offered at lower secondary level are the Malay Language, English Language, Mathematics, Science, Geography, History, Living Skills, Islamic Studies, Physical and Health Education.

Higher Education

  • Higher education is delivered by both public and private institutions.
  • Students can gain qualifications ranging from diplomas to postgraduate degrees to professional qualifications.
  • For university admissions, students may be required to meet certain academic criteria including language proficiency.
  • Post-secondary education options include pre-university studies, diploma courses, bachelor’s degree courses, and postgraduate studies.

Vocational Education

  • Offered in secondary school as part of the optional curriculum.
  • Includes courses in commerce, agriculture, technical studies, and home economics.
  • Vocational education provides practical skills that prepare individuals for a range of occupations.

Examinations

  • Key examinations include Penilaian Menengah Rendah (PMR) or Lower Secondary Assessment for Form 3 students.
  • Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) is the examination taken by Form 5 students.
  • Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia (STPM), equivalent to A-levels, is taken by Sixth Form students.

Importance of Language Proficiency

  • Mastery of the Malay language is compulsory for all primary and secondary students.
  • English proficiency is also emphasised, with English being taught as a second language.
  • Proficient use of both languages is essential for access to higher education opportunities.

Schooling Environment

  • Greater emphasis is placed on providing a balanced education.
  • Co-curricular activities are a compulsory part of the education system, with a broad range of clubs and societies being offered.
  • Schools in Malaysia are becoming more inclusive, promoting a multi-cultural and multi-ethnic understanding among pupils.

Key Challenges

  • Concerns over a lack of emphasis on critical thinking and creative problem solving in the education system.
  • The education system has been criticised for an overemphasis on rote learning and examination performance.
  • The gap between rural and urban education facilities and access to resources continues to be a challenge.

Remember, these are key points and you should use them as a starting point. Always expand your knowledge base with additional sources and materials.