Analyzing site characteristics

Site Analysis Fundamentals

Site analysis involves a thorough understanding of the site’s physical, biological and sensory characteristics, as well as its history and usage.
The initial step in site analysis is site surveying, including measuring the size and layout and identifying existing structures, plants, and features.
The observation of the site through different seasons gives valuable information about various elements such as sun and shade patterns, water flow direction, wind direction etc.
The historical context must be considered, ensuring that historical landmarks or species are preserved and incorporated in the garden design.

Topography, or the physical layout of the land, which includes the gradients and slopes, significantly impacts the distribution of water, sunlight, and wind.
The landscape’s microclimate should be understood. It includes the temperature ranges, usual wind direction & strength, annual precipitation etc.
Soil type and its structure can impact the choice of plants and the garden design, as different plants prefer different types of soils.

The species existing in or around the site, including trees, bushes, wildlife, etc., must be assessed and identified scientifically. Most garden designs aim to preserve and celebrate the natural flora and fauna.
Aspect and Orientation of the site establishes how the sunlight traverse across and the wind flows in the site.
A professional analysis of the soil’s nutritional content and pH level helps in predicting what type of plants will thrive and which might struggle.
Pests and diseases common to the site or its vicinity should be identified to inform decisions about species selection and necessary precautions.

Understanding the previous usages of the site can inform its current condition and potential constraints or opportunities in design.
A survey of neighbouring properties and views can help maintain privacy or optimise viewframes.
Noise and smell pollution around the site must be considered as they affect the sensory experience of the garden.
Compliance with local planning and environmental regulations is essential.

SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis can help summarise the findings and brainstorm design strategies.
It’s essential to consider how these site characteristics integrate with proposed design solutions, i.e., making the design integral to the site.
Documentation of the analysis should be clear, complete, and organised for easy reference during the design process.