Materials in Landscape Construction

Natural Materials

Natural materials refer to materials found in nature and used in their raw or slightly processed condition in landscape construction.
Rocks and stones are often used for edging, retaining walls or as standalone decorative elements.
Wood is used in numerous ways, from decking and fencing to sculptural features and plant containers. Consider the type of wood for its durability, character, and impact on the environment.
Soil is the foundation of any garden and understanding its type (clay, sandy, silty, peaty, chalky, or loamy) is critical for successful planting.
Gravel, sand, and crushed stone are natural materials commonly used for paths or drainage.

Manufactured Materials

Manufactured materials are man-made products used in landscape construction.
Concrete is extremely versatile – it can be poured onsite to create a variety of structures, such as paths or patios, or used in preformed blocks and pavers.
Brick is classic and durable and can be used in myriad ways in the garden, from walls and paths to steps and raised beds.
Metal is often used for different purposes such as fencing, ornamental features, edging and structures.
Glass and Plexiglas can be used in modern designs, to create features such as screens or water features.
Synthetic or composite materials such as decking, fencing, and outdoor furniture are increasingly popular for their long life and low maintenance characteristics.

Choice of Materials

Choice of landscape materials should be dictated by the desired aesthetic, the durability required, and the environmental impact of manufacture and disposal.
Understanding the properties of materials is essential for their successful use. This includes characteristics like durability, maintenance requirements, texture, colour, and how the material ages.
Selection should also consider the wider site-specific considerations, such as local climate, site exposure, and soil conditions.
It is important to note that materials often come in a variety of grades and finishes. For instance, wood can be softwood or hardwood, treated or untreated, and can come in a range of profiles and finishes.

By understanding the properties and potential applications of these materials, landscape construction professionals can make informed decisions about the best materials to use in any given project.