Computer Systems
Computer Systems
Defining a Computer System
- A computer system is a combination of both Hardware and Software.
- Hardware consists of physical devices such as the CPU, memory, storage devices, input and output devices.
- Software comprises all sets of information processed by computer systems, programs, and data.
The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- The CPU is known as the “brains” of a computer.
- Responsible for executing all instructions you provide to the computer.
- Consists of the Control Unit (CU), Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), and Registers.
- The CU manages the fetching and decoding of instructions.
- The ALU handles all arithmetic and logical operations.
- Registers act as temporary storage locations.
Peripheral Devices
- Devices connected to the computer system, typically encompassing input, output and storage devices.
- Input devices could include a keyboard, mouse, or touchscreen.
- Output devices range from monitors, printers to speakers.
- Storage devices may be internal like a hard drive or external like a USB flash drive or external hard drive.
Memory and Storage
- Computers use** Random Access Memory (RAM)** to hold data and instructions while they are being used.
- Data stored in RAM is volatile, that is, it is lost when the power is switched off.
- Read Only Memory (ROM) is non-volatile and contains essential instructions to boot up the computer.
- Your saved files and programs are kept on the hard drive which provides long-term, non-volatile storage.
Software and Operating Systems
- Software is the term for programs that run on a computer system.
- Operating System (OS) is a type of system software that manages hardware and software resources.
- The OS provides a user interface, manages files and folders, and controls peripheral devices.
- Examples include Windows, Linux, and MacOS.
Networks and Internet
- A network is a system of interconnected computers and peripheral devices.
- Can be categorized into Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN).
- The internet is a global network that provides various information and communication facilities.
Security and Privacy
- Computer systems should be safeguarded from unauthorized access and malicious software.
- Firewalls and antivirus software can help protect computers from threats.
- Remember to implement safe online practices and to respect the privacy of others online.