Computer Systems

Computer Systems

Defining a Computer System

  • A computer system is a combination of both Hardware and Software.
  • Hardware consists of physical devices such as the CPU, memory, storage devices, input and output devices.
  • Software comprises all sets of information processed by computer systems, programs, and data.

The Central Processing Unit (CPU)

  • The CPU is known as the “brains” of a computer.
  • Responsible for executing all instructions you provide to the computer.
  • Consists of the Control Unit (CU), Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), and Registers.
  • The CU manages the fetching and decoding of instructions.
  • The ALU handles all arithmetic and logical operations.
  • Registers act as temporary storage locations.

Peripheral Devices

  • Devices connected to the computer system, typically encompassing input, output and storage devices.
  • Input devices could include a keyboard, mouse, or touchscreen.
  • Output devices range from monitors, printers to speakers.
  • Storage devices may be internal like a hard drive or external like a USB flash drive or external hard drive.

Memory and Storage

  • Computers use** Random Access Memory (RAM)** to hold data and instructions while they are being used.
  • Data stored in RAM is volatile, that is, it is lost when the power is switched off.
  • Read Only Memory (ROM) is non-volatile and contains essential instructions to boot up the computer.
  • Your saved files and programs are kept on the hard drive which provides long-term, non-volatile storage.

Software and Operating Systems

  • Software is the term for programs that run on a computer system.
  • Operating System (OS) is a type of system software that manages hardware and software resources.
  • The OS provides a user interface, manages files and folders, and controls peripheral devices.
  • Examples include Windows, Linux, and MacOS.

Networks and Internet

  • A network is a system of interconnected computers and peripheral devices.
  • Can be categorized into Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN).
  • The internet is a global network that provides various information and communication facilities.

Security and Privacy

  • Computer systems should be safeguarded from unauthorized access and malicious software.
  • Firewalls and antivirus software can help protect computers from threats.
  • Remember to implement safe online practices and to respect the privacy of others online.