Ethical and Cultural Issues

Ethical and Cultural Aspects of Computer Systems

Ethics relates to the moral principles that govern a person’s behaviour or the conducting of activity.
In computing, ethical issues can arise from the use of data, intellectual property, privacy considerations, health and safety issues, and more.
Data misuse and unauthorised transfer can occur when personal information is sold or used without the consent of the individual.
Identity theft is an issue, where a person’s personal information is stolen and used for illegal activities.
An accessibility issue arises if certain user groups are denied access to technology based on factors such as socio-economic standing, geographical location, or disabilities.
Issues regarding software piracy and the illegal copying of programs and media also relate to computing ethics.

Cultural issues concern societal factors that may affect the use and implementation of technology in different regions.
The digital divide is a major cultural issue, which refers to the gap between individuals who have access to modern information technology and those who don’t.
It can lead to disadvantages in education, communication, and career opportunities.
Internet censorship in different countries is another cultural issue, as it restricts what types of information and websites certain populations can access.
It is important that cultural sensitivity is taken into account when designing and distributing technologies to different populations. If cultural norms and preferences are disregarded, technology may be rejected or misused.
The impact of technology on jobs, both in terms of job creation and job displacement, is a cultural concern that needs to be considered.

Policy and legislation, like the Data Protection Act and Computer Misuse Act, are in place to help protect against unethical behaviour.
Ethical guidelines are provided by many companies and professional bodies to guide the actions of practising IT professionals.
Awareness of cultural sensitivities and the promotion of digital inclusion can help to address cultural issues.
Encouraging digital literacy can help bridge the digital divide and promote the fair use of technology.
Whistle-blowing can be a powerful tool to highlight and address both ethical and cultural issues in computing.